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Ítem Finanzas Públicas(Ril editores, 2016) Del Barrio Vásquez, DiegoÍtem Taxanes for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Protocol)(Cochrane, 2018) Madrid, Eva; Barros Monge, Manuel J; Urrútia, Gerard; Roqué I Figuls, Marta; Pérez Bracchiglione, Javier; Vargas Peirano, Manuel; Loézar Hernández, Cristóbal Nicolás; Bonfill Cosp, XavierThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of taxanes as part of a combined or single‐agent therapy versus other agents or best supportive care as first‐ or second‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A secondary objective is to assess different modes or schemes of administration of taxanes in patients with this disease.Ítem Pre‐ and postnatal alcohol exposure delays, in female but not in male rats, the extinction of an auditory fear conditioned memory and increases alcohol consumption(Wiley, 2019) Plaza, Wladimir; Gaschino, Felice; Gutiérrez, Camilo; Santibañez, Nicolás; Estay‐Olmos, Camila; Sotomayor‐Zárate, Ramón; De la Fuente‐Ortega, Erwin; Pautass, Ricardo M.; Haeger, Paola A.Repeated exposure to alcohol increases retrieval of fear‐conditioned memories, which facilitates, among other factors, the emergence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD are more likely to develop alcohol and substance abuse related disorders. We assessed if prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure (PAE) increased the susceptibility to retain aversive memories and if this was associated with subsequent heightened alcohol consumption. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed for 22 hr/day, throughout pregnancy and until postnatal Day 7 to a single bottle of sucralose ‐ sweetened 10% alcohol solution (PAE Group), or to a single bottle of tap water and sucralose (Control Group). Auditory fear conditioning (AFC) was performed in the adolescent offspring at postnatal Day 40. Freezing was measured during acquisition, retention and extinction phases, followed by 3 weeks of free choice alcohol intake. Female, but not male, PAE rats exhibited impaired extinction of the aversive memory, a finding associated with higher levels of 3‐4 Dihidroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens and heightened alcohol intake, respect to controls. These findings suggest that PAE makes females more vulnerable to long‐term retention of aversive memories, which coexist with heightened alcohol intake. These findings are reminiscent of those of PTSDÍtem Inclusión de salud basada en evidencia en carreras de la salud en Chile y el modelo integrado Metodología de la Investigación Científica-Medicina Basada en Evidencia en la Universidad de Valparaíso(Elsevier, 2019) Papuzinski, Cristian; Loézar, Cristóbal; Carvajal, Natalia; Vargas, Manuel; Borgeat, Marjorie; Madrid, Eva; Pérez-Bracchiglione, Javier; Arancibia, MarceloIntroducción: La salud basada en evidencia (SBE) integra el uso de la mejor evidencia, la experiencia clínica y los valores y preferencias del paciente para la toma de decisiones. Su incorporación en las carreras sanitarias de Chile es desconocida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal para evaluar la incorporación de SBE en los programas de las carreras sanitarias en Chile hasta 2019. Se describe la integración del modelo Metodología de la Investigación Científica (MIC)-Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Valparaíso. Resultados: Un total de 49 universidades imparten carreras sanitarias. Un 8,13% incorpora SBE como asignatura explícitamente. Todas incorporan asignaturas que potencialmente incluyen contenidos de SBE. Las carreras de Medicina y Enfermería son las que más incorporan SBE, pero solo una carrera de Medicina incluye SBE como asignatura por más de un semestre. El modelo integrado MIC/MBE (4 semestres), orientado en competencias y centrado en el alumno, involucra el diseno ̃ y ejecución de un protocolo de investigación, así como el análisis crítico de la mejor evidencia, integrado con los valores de los pacientes. Conclusión: La incorporación de SBE como asignatura es muy infrecuente en carreras sanitarias chilenas. Se enfatiza su inclusión transdisciplinaria como asignatura individual desde un modelo que integre la ensenanza ̃ de MIC, sobre todo en universidades estatales.Ítem Development of Fixed Dose Combination Products Workshop Report: Considerations of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Overall Development Strategy(Springer, 2019) Hens, Bart; Corsetti, Maura; Bermejo, Marival; Löbenberg, Raimar; González, Pablo M.; Mitra, V; Desai, Divyakant; Murthy Chilukuri, Dakshina; Aceituno, AlexisThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most popular and used routes of drug product administration due to the convenience for better patient compliance and reduced costs to the patient compared to other routes. However, its complex nature poses a great challenge for formulation scientists when developing more complex dosage forms such as those combining two or more drugs. Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are two or more single active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. This formulation strategy represents a novel formulation which is as safe and effective compared to every mono-product separately. A complex drug product, to be dosed through a complex route, requires judicious considerations for formulation development. Additionally, it represents a challenge from a regulatory perspective at the time of demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) for generic versions of such drug products. This report gives the reader a summary of a 2-day short course that took place on the third and fourth of November at the Annual Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) meeting in 2018 at Washington, D.C. This manuscript will offer a comprehensive view of the most influential aspects of the GI physiology on the absorption of drugs and current techniques to help understand the fate of orally ingested drug products in the complex environment represented by the GI tract. Through case studies on FDC product development and regulatory issues, this manuscript will provide a great opportunity for readers to explore avenues for successfully developing FDC products and their generic versions.Ítem Study of the Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms of Copper Electrodeposition on Bare and Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified SnO2:F/glass Substrates(The Electrochemical Society, 2020) Riveros, G.; León, M.; Ramírez, D.; Hernández, L.; Martín, F.; Romero, R.; Dalchiele, Enrique A.In this article, the influence of a nitrogen-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide layer on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of copper electrodeposition was studied. Thus, copper electrodeposition from an acidic solution was evaluated using two different substrates: fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide covered with a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide layer (FTO/N-ERGO). In both cases, chronoamperometric curves were obtained, which were analyzed and deconvoluted using pre-established models and equations, where the different contribution and nucleation parameters were determined. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were acquired in order to observe the morphology and verify the nuclei density for each case considered in this study. In the case of copper electrodeposition onto FTO, an instantaneous three-dimensional nucleation was observed, together with a proton reduction reaction. When FTO/N-ERGO was used as a substrate, a new instantaneous two-dimensional nucleation process was observed in addition to the processes previously described. Furthermore, the increased density of active sites and the changes in copper morphology are directly related with the N-ERGO layer, which also increased the kinetic constant for the proton reduction reaction and the nucleation rate per active site during the copper electrodeposition process.Ítem Polis en conflicto: memoria urbana del Golpe de Estado de septiembre de 1973 en Valparaíso, Chile(Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas, 2020) Castañeda Meneses, Patricia; Cazorla Becerra, Ketty; Cuevas Lang, KatherineEn Chile, el 11 de septiembre de 1973 se produce un Golpe de Estado que inicia una dictadura cívico militar que se extendió hasta marzo de 1990. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo rescatar la memoria urbana de la población mayor de Valparaíso respecto del desarrollo del Golpe de Estado en la ciudad. Se realizó un trabajo de campo aplicando 32 entrevistas cualitativas de enfoque biográfico. Los resultados indican que la memoria de la ciudad reconoce en el Golpe de Estado un hito que fracturó la polis a través de la ruptura del espacio político ciudadano debido a la intervención militar. Como consecuencia, las relaciones entre el Estado y la ciudadanía quedaron retenidas dentro de un marco dictatorial de 17 años, aportando un complejo legado de confrontación urbana definida desde el conflicto y la hostilidad.Ítem Screening de Lesiones Orales Malignas y Potencialmente Malignas en Funcionarios de Universidad de Valparaíso y Universidad Viña del Mar Durante los Años 2016 - 2017(Universidad de La Frontera, 2020) Cordero, Karina; Torres, Coral; Anabalón, Paula; Fernández, María José; Suzarte, Josefina; Wu, KaiEl objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de lesiones orales malignas y potencialmente malignas (LPM) en funcionarios de la Universidad de Valparaíso y de Viña del Mar durante los años 2016 - 2017. Fueron citados 161 funcionarios, quienes accedieron a una encuesta que evaluaba factores de riesgo de cáncer oral (tabaco y alcohol) y si habían escuchado de la patología, sumado a un examen clínico. De los pacientes examinados, se diagnosticaron 121 lesiones de las cuales 2 fueron diagnosticadas como lesiones potencialmente malignas: Liquen plano y Leucoplasia, con una prevalencia de 1,7 %. El 50,3 % de los pacientes sabía de la existencia de cáncer oral. El Screening es una medida que permite dar a conocer a la población la existencia de cáncer oral y alertarlos sobre la importancia de su examen para su identificación de manera temprana.Ítem Dust trapping around Lagrangian points in protoplanetary disks(European Southern Observatory, 2020) Montesinos, Matías; Olofsson, Johan; Bayo, Amelia; Sucerquia, MarioAims. Trojans are defined as objects that share the orbit of a planet at the stable Lagrangian points L4 and L5. In the Solar System, these bodies show a broad size distribution ranging from micrometer (μm) to centimeter (cm) particles (Trojan dust) and up to kilometer (km) rocks (Trojan asteroids). It has also been theorized that earth-like Trojans may be formed in extra-solar systems. The Trojan formation mechanism is still under debate, especially theories involving the effects of dissipative forces from a viscous gaseous environment. Methods. We perform hydro-simulations to follow the evolution of a protoplanetary disk with an embedded 1–10 Jupiter-mass planet. On top of the gaseous disk, we set a distribution of μm–cm dust particles interacting with the gas. This allows us to follow dust dynamics as solids get trapped around the Lagrangian points of the planet. Results. We show that large vortices generated at the Lagrangian points are responsible for dust accumulation, where the leading Lagrangian point L4 traps a larger amount of submillimeter (submm) particles than the trailing L5, which traps mostly mm–cm particles. However, the total bulk mass, with typical values of ~Mmoon, is more significant in L5 than in L4, in contrast to what is observed in the current Solar System a few gigayears later. Furthermore, the migration of the planet does not seem to affect the reported asymmetry between L4 and L5. Conclusions. The main initial mass reservoir for Trojan dust lies in the same co-orbital path of the planet, while dust migrating from the outer region (due to drag) contributes very little to its final mass, imposing strong mass constraints for the in situ formation scenario of Trojan planets.Ítem Expectancy-Value Model Related to Physical Activity Behaviors in Chilean and Spanish Adolescents(MDPI, 2020) Gallardo, Laura O.; Abarca-Sos, Alberto; Moreno Doña, AlbertoThe purpose of the study is to comparatively test the expectancy-value model in Chilean and Spanish samples. The model proposes: a social world (composed of social support, physical activity teasing, and weight teasing), expectancy (composed of perceived competence and appearance), task values (composed of enjoyment and stress) to predict physical activity and intention to be physically active. Participants were 497 (Chilean) and 1365 (Spanish) adolescents. Structural equation models and multi-group modelling were used. All the models presented adequate fit to the data. The results show that physical activity teasing is a contextual and essential variable; perceived competence and enjoyment influenced physical activity and intentions to be physically active; some differences appeared in the prediction of physical activity and intentions to be physically active when the multi-group model was run. Culturally tailored interventions are key to improving physical activity (PA) behaviors.Ítem Tercermundismo y No Alineamiento en América latina durante la Guerra Fría(Ediciones Inubicalistas, 2020) Alburquerque, GermánÍtem Avanzando hacia relaciones más colaborativas entre familias y escuela: Experiencias desde países iberoamericanos(Editorial Aún creemos en los sueños, 2020) Saracostti, Mahia (ed.); Lara, Laura (ed.)Ítem Challenging matter creation models in the phantom divide(American Physical Society, 2020) Cardenas, Victor H.; Cruz, Miguel; Lepe, Samuel; Nojiri, Shin’ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.We perform a study both statistical and theoretical for cosmological models of matter creation and their ability to describe effective phantom models of dark energy. Such models are beyond the ΛCDM model since the resulting cosmic expansion is not adiabatic. In fact, we show that this approach exhibits transient phantom/quintessence scenarios at present time and tends to the standard cosmological model at some stage of the cosmic evolution. We discuss some generalities of the thermodynamics properties for this type of cosmological model; we emphasize on the behavior of the temperature associated to dark matter, which keeps positive along cosmic evolution together with the entropy. The enrichment of this type of model by means of the incorporation of cosmological constant and dissipative effects in the fluid description to explore their cosmological consequences in the expansion of the Universe is considered. Finally, a generalization for the matter production rate as an inhomogeneous expression of the Hubble parameter and its derivatives is discussed; as in all the cases examined, such election leads to an effective phantom/quintessence behaviorÍtem The White Dwarf Binary Pathways Survey −III. Contamination from hierarchical triples containing a white dwarf(Royal Astronomical Society, 2020) Lagos, Felipe; Schreiber, Matthias R.; Hernández, M-H; Tappert, Claus; Zorotovic, Mónica; Cáceres, C.The White Dwarf Binary Pathways Survey aims at increasing the number of known detached A, F, G, and K main-sequence stars in close orbits with white dwarf companions (WD+AFGK binaries) to refine our understanding about compact binary evolution and the nature of Supernova Ia progenitors. These close WD+AFGK binary stars are expected to form through common envelope evolution, in which tidal forces tend to circularize the orbit. However, some of the identified WD+AFGK binary candidates show eccentric orbits, indicating that these systems are either formed through a different mechanism or perhaps they are not close WD+AFGK binaries. We observed one of these eccentric WD+AFGK binaries with SPHERE and find that the system TYC 7218-934-1 is in fact a triple system where the WD is a distant companion. The inner binary likely consists of the G-type star plus an unseen low-mass companion in an eccentric orbit. Based on this finding, we estimate the fraction of triple systems that could contaminate the WD+AFGK sample. We find that less than 15 per cent of our targets with orbital periods shorter than 100 d might be hierarchical triples.Ítem Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602(American Astronomical Society (Aas), 2020) Bouma, L. G.; Hartman, J. D.; Brahm, R.; Evans, P.; Collins, K. A.; Zhou, G.; Sarkis, P.; Quinn, S. N.; De Leon, J.; Livingston, J.; Bergmann, C.; Stassun, K. G.; Bhatti, W.; Winn, J. N.; Bakos, G. Á.; Abe, L.; Crouzet, N.; Dransfield, G.; Guillot, T.; Marie-Sainte, W.; Mékarnia, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Tinney, C. G.; Henning, T.; Espinoza, N.; Jordán, A.; Barbieri, M.; Nandakumar, S.; Trifonov, T.; Vines, J. I.; Vuckovic, M.; Ziegler, C.; Law, N.; Mann, A. W.; Ricker, G. R.; Vanderspek, R.; Seager, S.; Jenkins, J. M.; Burke, C. J.; Dragomir, D.; Levine, A. M.; Quintana, E. V.; Rodriguez, J. E.; Smith, J. C.; Wohler, B.We report the discovery of TOI 837b and its validation as a transiting planet. We characterize the system using data from the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, the ESA Gaia mission, ground-based photometry from El Sauce and ASTEP400, and spectroscopy from CHIRON, FEROS, and Veloce. We find that TOI 837 is a T = 9.9 mag G0/F9 dwarf in the southern open cluster IC 2602. The star and planet are therefore ${35}_{-5}^{+11}$ million years old. Combining the transit photometry with a prior on the stellar parameters derived from the cluster color–magnitude diagram, we find that the planet has an orbital period of $8.3\,\mathrm{days}$ and is slightly smaller than Jupiter (${R}_{{\rm{p}}}={0.77}_{-0.07}^{+0.09}\,{R}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). From radial velocity monitoring, we limit ${M}_{{\rm{p}}}\sin i$ to less than 1.20 MJup (3σ). The transits either graze or nearly graze the stellar limb. Grazing transits are a cause for concern, as they are often indicative of astrophysical false-positive scenarios. Our follow-up data show that such scenarios are unlikely. Our combined multicolor photometry, high-resolution imaging, and radial velocities rule out hierarchical eclipsing binary scenarios. Background eclipsing binary scenarios, though limited by speckle imaging, remain a 0.2% possibility. TOI 837b is therefore a validated adolescent exoplanet. The planetary nature of the system can be confirmed or refuted through observations of the stellar obliquity and the planetary mass. Such observations may also improve our understanding of how the physical and orbital properties of exoplanets change in time.Ítem The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: On the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy(Royal Astronomical Society, 2020) Ibar, EduardoWe report the serendipitous discovery of a dust-obscured galaxy observed as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). While this galaxy is detected both in line and continuum emissions in ALMA Band 7, it is completely dark in the observed optical/near-infrared bands and only shows a significant detection in the UltraVISTA Ks band. We discuss the nature of the observed ALMA line, that is [C II] at z ∼ 4.6 or high-J CO transitions at z ∼ 2.2. In the first case, we find a [CII]/FIR luminosity ratio of log(L[CII]/LFIR) ∼ −2.5, consistent with the average value for local star-forming galaxies (SFGs). In the second case instead, the source would lie at larger CO luminosities than those expected for local SFGs and high-z submillimetre galaxies. At both redshifts, we derive the star formation rate (SFR) from the ALMA continuum and the physical parameters of the galaxy, such as the stellar mass (M∗), by fitting its spectral energy distribution. Exploiting the results of this work, we believe that our source is a ‘main-sequence’, dusty SFG at z = 4.6 (i.e. [CII] emitter) with log(SFR/M. yr−1) ~ 1.4 and log(M*/M.) ∼ 9.9. As a support to this scenario our galaxy, if at this redshift, lies in a massive protocluster recently discovered at z ∼ 4.57, at only ∼1 proper Mpc from its centre. This work underlines the crucial role of the ALPINE survey in making a census of this class of objects, in order to unveil their contribution to the global SFR density at the end of the Reionization epochÍtem Gliotransmission: A Novel Target for the Development of Antiseizure Drugs(Sage, 2020) Riquelme, Julio; Wellmann, Mario; Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón; Bonansco, ChristianFor more than a century, epilepsy has remained an incapacitating neurological disorder with a high incidence worldwide. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy without an effective pharmacological treatment. An increase in excitability and hypersynchrony of electrical neuronal activity during development are typically associated with an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the neuronal network. Astrocytes release gliotransmitters, which can regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission; therefore, the classical neurocentric vision of the cellular basis of epileptogenesis has begun to change. Growing evidence suggests that the key contribution of astrocyte-toneuron signaling in the mechanisms underlies the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of seizure activity. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence obtained from experimental models that suggest how alterations in astroglial modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal activity contribute to the development of this brain disease. In this article, we will summarize the main pharmacological, Ca2+-imaging, and electrophysiological findings in the gliotransmitter-mediated modulation of neuronal activity and their possible regulation as a novel cellular target for the development of pharmacological strategies for treating refractory epilepsies.Ítem The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Little to no evolution in the [CII]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr(European Southern Observatory, 2020) Ibar, Eduardo; Mendez Hernandez, HugoThe [C ii] 158 m line is one of the strongest IR emission lines, which has been shown to trace the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies in the nearby Universe, and up to z 2. Whether this is also the case at higher redshift and in the early Universe remains debated. The ALPINE survey, which targeted 118 star-forming galaxies at 4:4 < z < 5:9, provides a new opportunity to examine this question with the first statistical dataset. Using the ALPINE data and earlier measurements from the literature, we examine the relation between the [C ii] luminosity and the SFR over the entire redshift range from z 4 ����� 8. ALPINE galaxies, which are both detected in [C ii] and in dust continuum, show good agreement with the local L([CII])–SFR relation. Galaxies undetected in the continuum by ALMA are found to be over-luminous in [C ii]when the UV SFR is used. After accounting for dust-obscured star formation, by an amount of SFR(IR) SFR(UV) on average, which results from two di erent stacking methods and SED fitting, the ALPINE galaxies show an L([CII])–SFR relation comparable to the local one. When [C ii] non-detections are taken into account, the slope may be marginally steeper at high-z, although this is still somewhat uncertain. When compared homogeneously, the z > 6 [C ii] measurements (detections and upper limits) do not behave very di erently to the z 4 ����� 6 data.We find a weak dependence of L([CII])/SFR on the Ly equivalent width. Finally, we find that the ratio L([CII])/LIR (1 ����� 3) 10�����3 for the ALPINE sources, comparable to that of ‘normal’ galaxies at lower redshift. Our analysis, which includes the largest sample ( 150 galaxies) of [C ii] measurements at z > 4 available so far, suggests no or little evolution of the [C ii]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr of cosmic time.Ítem A mechanistic model of the neural entropy increase elicited by psychedelic drugs(Nature.com, 2020) Herzog, Rubén; Cofré, RodrigoPsychedelic drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide and other agonists of the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A-R), induce drastic changes in subjective experience, and provide a unique opportunity to study the neurobiological basis of consciousness. One of the most notable neurophysiological signatures of psychedelics, increased entropy in spontaneous neural activity, is thought to be of relevance to the psychedelic experience, mediating both acute alterations in consciousness and long-term effects. However, no clear mechanistic explanation for this entropy increase has been put forward so far. We sought to do this here by building upon a recent whole-brain model of serotonergic neuromodulation, to study the entropic effects of 5HT2A-R activation. Our results reproduce the overall entropy increase observed in previous experiments in vivo, providing the first model-based explanation for this phenomenon. We also found that entropy changes were not uniform across the brain: entropy increased in some regions and decreased in others, suggesting a topographical reconfiguration mediated by 5HT2A-R activation. Interestingly, at the whole-brain level, this reconfiguration was not well explained by 5HT2A-R density, but related closely to the topological properties of the brain’s anatomical connectivity. These results help us understand the mechanisms underlying the psychedelic state and, more generally, the pharmacological modulation of whole-brain activityÍtem Efecto del conflicto decisional sobre el control del asma en escolares de 10 a 14 años(Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 2020) Ciudad A., Daniel; Bravo S., Gabriela; Contreras A., Linrayén; Huenul V., YocelinIntroducción: La cantidad de pacientes asmáticos que asisten al sistema público de salud es cada vez mayor, no obstante, la tasa de adherencia al tratamiento es muy baja, siendo los adolescentes quienes presentan mayor porcentaje de abandono al tratamiento, inasistencia a sus controles y gran conflicto decisional (CD). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de consejerías sobre el CD en relación al tratamiento del asma y el nivel de control de su enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio pre-experimental que reclutó a 32 niños asmáticos entre 10 a 14 años de edad del policlínico respiratorio infantil del hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso. Solo 15 niños estuvieron dispuestos a participar en el estudio quienes completaron la totalidad de las sesiones de consejería. Para determinar el grado de CD de su patología, se aplicó la Escala de Conflicto Decisional de Ottawa; y para el nivel del control del asma, se usó la Escala Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Resultados: La edad media del grupo de niños fue de 12,06 ± 1,16 años. Finalizada la intervención, el nivel de control de asma se mantuvo y la media del CD disminuyó de 34,05 ± 4,59 a 18,02 ± 3,01 puntos (p < 0,05; t de Student para muestras pareadas). Un 73,3% de los pacientes disminuyó su nivel de conflicto decisional. Conclusión: Las consejerías de apoyo decisional demostraron tener efectos positivos en la población estudiada.