The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Little to no evolution in the [CII]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr
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2020
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European Southern Observatory
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The [C ii] 158 m line is one of the strongest IR emission lines, which has been shown to trace the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies in the nearby Universe, and up to z 2. Whether this is also the case at higher redshift and in the early Universe remains debated. The ALPINE survey, which targeted 118 star-forming galaxies at 4:4 < z < 5:9, provides a new opportunity to examine this question with the first statistical dataset.
Using the ALPINE data and earlier measurements from the literature, we examine the relation between the [C ii] luminosity and the SFR over the entire redshift range from z 4 ����� 8. ALPINE galaxies, which are both detected in [C ii] and in dust continuum, show good agreement with the local L([CII])–SFR relation. Galaxies undetected in the continuum by ALMA are found to be over-luminous in [C ii]when the UV SFR is used.
After accounting for dust-obscured star formation, by an amount of SFR(IR) SFR(UV) on average, which results from two di erent stacking methods and SED fitting, the ALPINE galaxies show an L([CII])–SFR relation comparable to the local one. When [C ii] non-detections are taken into account, the slope may be marginally steeper at high-z, although this is still somewhat uncertain. When compared homogeneously, the z > 6 [C ii] measurements (detections and upper limits) do not behave very di erently to the z 4 ����� 6 data.We find a weak dependence of L([CII])/SFR on the Ly equivalent width. Finally, we find that the ratio L([CII])/LIR (1 ����� 3) 10�����3 for the ALPINE sources, comparable to that of ‘normal’ galaxies at lower redshift. Our analysis, which includes the largest sample ( 150 galaxies) of [C ii] measurements at z > 4 available so far, suggests no or little evolution of the [C ii]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr of cosmic time.
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GALAXIES: HIGH REDSHIFT, GALAXIES: EVOLUTION, GALAXIES: FORMATION, GALAXIES: STAR FORMATION