Examinando por Autor "Gubler, Alejandra"

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    The 1730 Great Metropolitan Chile Earthquake and Tsunami Commemoration: Joint Efforts to Increase the Country’s Awareness
    (MDPI) Zamora, Natalia; Gubler, Alejandra; Orellana, Víctor; León, Jorge; Urrutia, Alejandro; Carvajal, Matías; Cisternas, Marco; Catalán, Patricio; Winckler Grez, Patricio; Cienfuegos, Rodrigo; Karich, Cristóbal; Vogel, Stefan; Galaz, José; Pereira, Sebastián; Bertin, Celeste
    On 8 July 1730, a great earthquake struck metropolitan Chile, causing extensive damage 1000 km along the country and focused in Valparaíso. Due to the date of occurrence of this event, large uncertainties about the earthquake’s magnitude have been discussed among the scientific community, and the earthquake and tsunami have remained unknown for most of the population. The purpose of this paper is to describe joint efforts undertaken by organizations, academia, and authorities to rescue the forgotten memory of an event that occurred almost three centuries ago and that may be repeated in the near future. In line with the Sendai Framework, we focus on one of the four priorities for action, which is to understand disaster risk, with the premise that the memory activation and raising awareness can save lives in the future. We designed outreach strategies to communicate this knowledge to the community in a participatory way. The latter involves scientific talks, earthquake simulators, tsunami projection mapping on relief scaled models (mock-up), and a public debate including the participation of academia, politicians, authorities, and the local community. The emulation of such activities and the constant work of regional and national authorities, academia, and non-governmental organizations dealing with risk mitigation encourage involving the community to build safer cities against the tsunami hazard.
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    Extreme sea levels at Rapa Nui (Easter Island) during intense atmospheric rivers
    (Springer, 2021) Carvajal, Matías; Winckler, Patricio; Garreaud, René; Igualt,Felipe; Contreras‐López, Manuel; Averil, Pamela; Cisternas, Marco; Gubler, Alejandra; Breuer, Wolfgang A.
    In addition to the tsunami hazard posed by distant great earthquakes, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, is exposed to frequent and intense coastal storms. Here, we use sea-level records and field surveys guided by video and photographic footage to show that extreme sea levels at Rapa Nui occur much more frequent than previously thought and thus constitute an unrecognized hazard to the inland’s maritime supply chain. We found that extreme sea-level events, including the two most extreme (March 5th and May 5th, 2020) in our 17-month-long analyzed period (from January 1st, 2019, to May 31st, 2020), resulted from constructive superpositions of seiches on the shelf, storm surges and high tides. By further analyzing time series of atmospheric and wind-generated wave data, we conclude that these extreme sea levels are ultimately driven by the breaking of large waves near the coastline (i.e., wave setup), with lesser contribution of barometric setup and even less of wind setup. We also propose that these large waves were mainly generated from strong, long-lasting, NW winds associated with intense atmospheric rivers (long, narrow regions in the atmosphere that transport abundant water vapor) passing over Rapa Nui. Given that the intensity of atmospheric rivers and sea level are thought to increase as climate changes, a deeper understanding of the relation between meteorological and oceanographic processes at Rapa Nui is strongly needed.
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    Is Rhodamine a good tracer to predict coal transport in water?
    (Universidad Católica De La Santísima Concepción, 2021) Winckler, Patricio; Molteni, Francisco; Reyes, Mauricio; Gubler, Alejandra; Sandoval, Jorge; Aleixo, Rui
    A simple and low-cost experimental procedure to compare the mixing and transport of two substances in water is presented in this paper, aiming to investigate if rhodamine can predict the fate of coal transport in water. The procedure is based on acoustic Doppler techniques to characterize the flow and imaging techniques to measure the transport of substances discharged from an instantaneous point source near the free surface. To validate this procedure, several tests are carried out for rhodamine and two subsamples of coal (defined by a fine and coarse granulometry) in a flume under currents. The results show that the mixing of rhodamine resembles the finest fraction of coal that is transported as a suspended material, but fails to characterize the larger coal grains that experience sedimentation. The procedure here proposed can be expanded to characterize the mixing of substances in a body of water under other conditions, such as waves or wind driven currents.