5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects-A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

Fecha

2019

Profesor Guía

Formato del documento

Articulo

ORCID Autor

Título de la revista

ISSN de la revista

Título del volumen

Editor

International journal of environmental research and public health

Ubicación

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183406

ISBN

ISSN

1660-4601 1661-7827

item.page.issne

item.page.doiurl

Facultad

Departamento o Escuela

Determinador

Recolector

Especie

Nota general

Resumen

The introduction of the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication will increase the number of high-frequency-powered base stations and other devices. The question is if such higher frequencies (in this review, 6-100 GHz, millimeter waves, MMW) can have a health impact. This review analyzed 94 relevant publications performing in vivo or in vitro investigations. Each study was characterized for: study type (in vivo, in vitro), biological material (species, cell type, etc.), biological endpoint, exposure (frequency, exposure duration, power density), results, and certain quality criteria. Eighty percent of the in vivo studies showed responses to exposure, while 58% of the in vitro studies demonstrated effects. The responses affected all biological endpoints studied. There was no consistent relationship between power density, exposure duration, or frequency, and exposure effects. The available studies do not provide adequate and sufficient information for a meaningful safety assessment, or for the question about non-thermal effects. There is a need for research regarding local heat developments on small surfaces, e.g., skin or the eye, and on any environmental impact. Our quality analysis shows that for future studies to be useful for safety assessment, design and implementation need to be significantly improved.

Descripción

Lugar de Publicación

Auspiciador

Palabras clave

MMW, IN VITRO, IN VIVO, RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ANIMALS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, ADVERSE EFFECTS HUMANS, WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Licencia

URL Licencia

Colecciones