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Taxanes for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Protocol)
(Cochrane, 2018) Madrid, Eva; Barros Monge, Manuel J; Urrútia, Gerard; Roqué I Figuls, Marta; Pérez Bracchiglione, Javier; Vargas Peirano, Manuel; Loézar Hernández, Cristóbal Nicolás; Bonfill Cosp, Xavier
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of taxanes as part of a combined or single‐agent therapy versus other agents or best supportive care as first‐ or second‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A secondary objective is to assess different modes or schemes of administration of taxanes in patients with this disease.
Pre‐ and postnatal alcohol exposure delays, in female but not in male rats, the extinction of an auditory fear conditioned memory and increases alcohol consumption
(Wiley, 2019) Plaza, Wladimir; Gaschino, Felice; Gutiérrez, Camilo; Santibañez, Nicolás; Estay‐Olmos, Camila; Sotomayor‐Zárate, Ramón; De la Fuente‐Ortega, Erwin; Pautass, Ricardo M.; Haeger, Paola A.
Repeated exposure to alcohol increases retrieval of fear‐conditioned memories, which facilitates, among other factors, the emergence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD are more likely to develop alcohol and substance abuse related disorders. We assessed if prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure (PAE) increased the susceptibility to retain aversive memories and if this was associated with subsequent heightened alcohol consumption. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed for 22 hr/day, throughout pregnancy and until postnatal Day 7 to a single bottle of sucralose ‐ sweetened 10% alcohol solution (PAE Group), or to a single bottle of tap water and sucralose (Control Group). Auditory fear conditioning (AFC) was performed in the adolescent offspring at postnatal Day 40. Freezing was measured during acquisition, retention and extinction phases, followed by 3 weeks of free choice alcohol intake. Female, but not male, PAE rats exhibited impaired extinction of the aversive memory, a finding associated with higher levels of 3‐4 Dihidroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens and heightened alcohol intake, respect to controls. These findings suggest that PAE makes females more vulnerable to long‐term retention of aversive memories, which coexist with heightened alcohol intake. These findings are reminiscent of those of PTSD
Inclusión de salud basada en evidencia en carreras de la salud en Chile y el modelo integrado Metodología de la Investigación Científica-Medicina Basada en Evidencia en la Universidad de Valparaíso
(Elsevier, 2019) Papuzinski, Cristian; Loézar, Cristóbal; Carvajal, Natalia; Vargas, Manuel; Borgeat, Marjorie; Madrid, Eva; Pérez-Bracchiglione, Javier; Arancibia, Marcelo
Introducción: La salud basada en evidencia (SBE) integra el uso de la mejor evidencia, la experiencia clínica y los valores y preferencias del paciente para la toma de decisiones. Su incorporación en las carreras sanitarias de Chile es desconocida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal para evaluar la incorporación de SBE en los programas de las carreras sanitarias en Chile hasta 2019. Se describe la integración del modelo Metodología de la Investigación Científica (MIC)-Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Valparaíso. Resultados: Un total de 49 universidades imparten carreras sanitarias. Un 8,13% incorpora SBE como asignatura explícitamente. Todas incorporan asignaturas que potencialmente incluyen contenidos de SBE. Las carreras de Medicina y Enfermería son las que más incorporan SBE, pero solo una carrera de Medicina incluye SBE como asignatura por más de un semestre. El modelo integrado MIC/MBE (4 semestres), orientado en competencias y centrado en el alumno, involucra el diseno ̃ y ejecución de un protocolo de investigación, así como el análisis crítico de la mejor evidencia, integrado con los valores de los pacientes. Conclusión: La incorporación de SBE como asignatura es muy infrecuente en carreras sanitarias chilenas. Se enfatiza su inclusión transdisciplinaria como asignatura individual desde un modelo que integre la ensenanza ̃ de MIC, sobre todo en universidades estatales.
Development of Fixed Dose Combination Products Workshop Report: Considerations of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Overall Development Strategy
(Springer, 2019) Hens, Bart; Corsetti, Maura; Bermejo, Marival; Löbenberg, Raimar; González, Pablo M.; Mitra, V; Desai, Divyakant; Murthy Chilukuri, Dakshina; Aceituno, Alexis
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most popular and used routes of drug product administration due to the convenience for better patient compliance and reduced costs to the patient compared to other routes. However, its complex nature poses a great challenge for formulation scientists when developing more complex dosage forms such as those combining two or more drugs. Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are two or more single active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. This formulation strategy represents a novel formulation which is as safe and effective compared to every mono-product separately. A complex drug product, to be dosed through a complex route, requires judicious considerations for formulation development. Additionally, it represents a challenge from a regulatory perspective at the time of demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) for generic versions of such drug products. This report gives the reader a summary of a 2-day short course that took place on the third and fourth of November at the Annual Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) meeting in 2018 at Washington, D.C. This manuscript will offer a comprehensive view of the most influential aspects of the GI physiology on the absorption of drugs and current techniques to help understand the fate of orally ingested drug products in the complex environment represented by the GI tract. Through case studies on FDC product development and regulatory issues, this manuscript will provide a great opportunity for readers to explore avenues for successfully developing FDC products and their generic versions.
Expectancy-Value Model Related to Physical Activity Behaviors in Chilean and Spanish Adolescents
(MDPI, 2020) Gallardo, Laura O.; Abarca-Sos, Alberto; Moreno Doña, Alberto
The purpose of the study is to comparatively test the expectancy-value model in Chilean and Spanish samples. The model proposes: a social world (composed of social support, physical activity teasing, and weight teasing), expectancy (composed of perceived competence and appearance), task values (composed of enjoyment and stress) to predict physical activity and intention to be physically active. Participants were 497 (Chilean) and 1365 (Spanish) adolescents. Structural equation models and multi-group modelling were used. All the models presented adequate fit to the data. The results show that physical activity teasing is a contextual and essential variable; perceived competence and enjoyment influenced physical activity and intentions to be physically active; some differences appeared in the prediction of physical activity and intentions to be physically active when the multi-group model was run. Culturally tailored interventions are key to improving physical activity (PA) behaviors.
Height in twentieth‐century Chilean men: growth with divergence
(Springer-Verlag, 2020) Llorca‐Jaña, Manuel; Navarrete‐Montalvo, Juan; Araya‐Valenzuela, Roberto; Droller, Federico; Allende, Martina; Rivas, Javier
This article provides the frst series of Chilean adult male height for the whole of the twentieth century. The height of adult males increased by about 5.5 cm during the twentieth century, primarily during the second half of this period. This is the greatest improvement in biological welfare in Chilean history; Chilean males have never been as tall as they are today. Using a sample of around 36,371 individuals, we document the evolution of the average height of Chilean soldiers (male) born from the 1900s to the 1990s. This sample can be safely taken as a good proxy of the average height of Chilean male population for the period under study. We provide an explanation of both the main determinants of physical stature and the rapid increase in height in Chile over this period.
Evidencia científica sobre cuidados de Enfermería y COVID-19
(Ecimed, 2020) Guerrero-Nancuante, Camilo; Armstrong-Barea, Lucy; González-Adonis1, Francisca
Introducción: COVID-19 ha generado efectos negativos en gran parte del mundo. Su rápida propagación produjo la necesidad de investigar respecto a los cuidados de enfermería otorgados a las comunidades en el contexto de pandemia de SARS CoV2. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica disponible respecto a cuidados de enfermería y COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance mediante el marco metodológico de PRISMA-ScR, en bases de datos científicas EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science y otras fuentes de consulta para articulo publicados en inglés entre 1 de diciembre 2019 al 27 de junio 2020. Se analizó fecha de publicación, país de origen y género del primer autor, tipo de artículo y dimensión o tópico de la investigación. Se incluyeron en total 205 artículos. Conclusiones: El 55,61% correspondió a investigaciones realizadas por mujeres como primera autora; el 37,56% de los estudios analizados fueron desarrollados en Estados Unidos. El 68,78% de los manuscritos corresponden a editoriales, comentarios/reflexiones, revisiones e investigaciones primarias. El 63,91% de las publicaciones se relacionaron a tópicos de prácticas de enfermería, rol profesional, salud mental y adultez mayor. Existen baja diversificación temática de los estudios asociados a cuidados de enfermería y COVID-19, como también investigaciones que permitan evaluar las intervenciones disciplinares en el actual contexto. Urge mayor participación femenina en los estudios en dicho ámbito, además de proyectar investigaciones en otras poblaciones vulnerables.
Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
(American Astronomical Society (Aas), 2020) Bouma, L. G.; Hartman, J. D.; Brahm, R.; Evans, P.; Collins, K. A.; Zhou, G.; Sarkis, P.; Quinn, S. N.; De Leon, J.; Livingston, J.; Bergmann, C.; Stassun, K. G.; Bhatti, W.; Winn, J. N.; Bakos, G. Á.; Abe, L.; Crouzet, N.; Dransfield, G.; Guillot, T.; Marie-Sainte, W.; Mékarnia, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Tinney, C. G.; Henning, T.; Espinoza, N.; Jordán, A.; Barbieri, M.; Nandakumar, S.; Trifonov, T.; Vines, J. I.; Vuckovic, M.; Ziegler, C.; Law, N.; Mann, A. W.; Ricker, G. R.; Vanderspek, R.; Seager, S.; Jenkins, J. M.; Burke, C. J.; Dragomir, D.; Levine, A. M.; Quintana, E. V.; Rodriguez, J. E.; Smith, J. C.; Wohler, B.
We report the discovery of TOI 837b and its validation as a transiting planet. We characterize the system using data from the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, the ESA Gaia mission, ground-based photometry from El Sauce and ASTEP400, and spectroscopy from CHIRON, FEROS, and Veloce. We find that TOI 837 is a T = 9.9 mag G0/F9 dwarf in the southern open cluster IC 2602. The star and planet are therefore ${35}_{-5}^{+11}$ million years old. Combining the transit photometry with a prior on the stellar parameters derived from the cluster color–magnitude diagram, we find that the planet has an orbital period of $8.3\,\mathrm{days}$ and is slightly smaller than Jupiter (${R}_{{\rm{p}}}={0.77}_{-0.07}^{+0.09}\,{R}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). From radial velocity monitoring, we limit ${M}_{{\rm{p}}}\sin i$ to less than 1.20 MJup (3σ). The transits either graze or nearly graze the stellar limb. Grazing transits are a cause for concern, as they are often indicative of astrophysical false-positive scenarios. Our follow-up data show that such scenarios are unlikely. Our combined multicolor photometry, high-resolution imaging, and radial velocities rule out hierarchical eclipsing binary scenarios. Background eclipsing binary scenarios, though limited by speckle imaging, remain a 0.2% possibility. TOI 837b is therefore a validated adolescent exoplanet. The planetary nature of the system can be confirmed or refuted through observations of the stellar obliquity and the planetary mass. Such observations may also improve our understanding of how the physical and orbital properties of exoplanets change in time.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: On the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy
(Royal Astronomical Society, 2020) Ibar, Eduardo
We report the serendipitous discovery of a dust-obscured galaxy observed as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). While this galaxy is detected both in line and continuum emissions in ALMA Band 7, it is completely dark in the observed optical/near-infrared bands and only shows a significant detection in the UltraVISTA Ks band. We discuss the nature of the observed ALMA line, that is [C II] at z ∼ 4.6 or high-J CO transitions at z ∼ 2.2. In the first case, we find a [CII]/FIR luminosity ratio of log(L[CII]/LFIR) ∼ −2.5, consistent with the average value for local star-forming galaxies (SFGs). In the second case instead, the source would lie at larger CO luminosities than those expected for local SFGs and high-z submillimetre galaxies. At both redshifts, we derive the star formation rate (SFR) from the ALMA continuum and the physical parameters of the galaxy, such as the stellar mass (M∗), by fitting its spectral energy distribution. Exploiting the results of this work, we believe that our source is a ‘main-sequence’, dusty SFG at z = 4.6 (i.e. [CII] emitter) with log(SFR/M. yr−1) ~ 1.4 and log(M*/M.) ∼ 9.9. As a support to this scenario our galaxy, if at this redshift, lies in a massive protocluster recently discovered at z ∼ 4.57, at only ∼1 proper Mpc from its centre. This work underlines the crucial role of the ALPINE survey in making a census of this class of objects, in order to unveil their contribution to the global SFR density at the end of the Reionization epoch
Editorial: Celebrating 40 Years of the Chilean Society of Pharmacology
(Frontiers, 2020) Yévenes, Gonzalo E.; Bravo, Javier A.; Díaz-Araya, Guillermo; Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón; Fiedler, Jenny L.; Reyes-Parada, Miguel; Fuentealba, Jorge
Editorial on the Research Topic. Celebrating 40 Years of the Chilean Society of Pharmacology
Scattered light may reveal the existence of ringed exoplanets
(Royal Astronomical Society, 2020) Sucerquia, Mario; Montesinos, Matías; Bayo, Amelia
Rings around giant exoplanets (hereafter ‘exorings’) are still a missing planetary phenomenon among the vast number of discovered planets. Despite the fact that there exist a large number of methods for identifying and characterizing these exorings, none of them has been successful to date. Most of those efforts focus on the photometric signatures produced by rings around transiting exoplanets; thus, little interest has been intended for the detectable signatures that non-transiting ringed planets might cause owing to the excess of scattered starlight from both their atmosphere and the considerably large surface of their (hypothetical) ring system. This extra scattering produced by exorings would occur at an orbital location defined here as ‘the summer solstice’ of a stellar light curve. In this letter, we develop a first-order model to estimate the photometric signatures of non-transiting exorings, and predict their detectability by using present and future facilities. We also show how, besides the discovery itself, our model can be used to constrain orbital and physical parameters of planet–ring systems.
Phytostimulant properties of highly stable silver nanoparticles obtained with saponin extract from Chenopodium quinoa
(Society of Chemical Industry, 2020) Segura, Rodrigo; Vásquez, Gustavo; Colson, Emmanuel; Gerbaux, Pascal; Frischmon, Caroline; Nesic, Aleksandra; García, Danni E; Cabrera-Barjas, Gustavo
BACKGROUND: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an Andean original pseudocereal with high nutritional value. During quinoa processing, large amounts of saponin-rich husks byproducts are obtained. Quinoa saponins, which are biologically active, could be used for various agriculture purposes. Silver nanoparticles have increasingly attracted attention for the management of crop diseases in agriculture. In this work, silver nanoparticles are synthesized by a sustainable and green method, using quinoa husk saponin extract (QE) to evaluate their potential for application in agriculture as biostimulants. RESULTS: Quinoa extract was obtained and characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/ MS). Sixteen saponin congeners were successfully identified and quantified. The QE obtained was used as a reducing agent for silver ions to synthesize silver nanoparticles (QEAgNPs) under mild conditions. The morphology, particle size, and stability of Ag nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-visible), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy measurements confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of QE, with estimated particle sizes in a range between 5 and 50 nm. According to the zeta potential values, highly stable nanoparticles were formed. The QE and QEAgNPs (200–1000 ∼g/mL) were also tested in radish seed bioassay to evaluate their phytotoxicity. The seed germination assays revealed that QEAgNPs possessed a phytostimulant effect on radish seeds in a dosedependent manner, and no phytotoxicity was observed for both QE and QEAgNPs. CONCLUSION: Silver nanoparticles obtained by a so-called ‘green’ method could be considered as good candidates for application in the agricultural sector for seed treatment, or as foliar sprays and plant-growth-promoters.
Experimental Framework to Simulate Rescue Operations after a Natural Disaster
(Universidad Nacional de La Plata: Facultad de Informática, 2020) Veas-Castillo, Luis; Ovando-Leon, Gabriel; Astudillo, Gabriel; Gil-Costa, Veronica; Marín, Mauricio
Computational simulation is a powerful tool for performance evaluation of computational systems. It is useful to make capacity planning of data center clusters, to obtain profiling reports of software applications and to detect bottlenecks. It has been used in different research areas like large scale Web search engines, natural disaster evacuations, computational biology, human behavior and tendency, among many others. However, properly tuning the parameters of the simulators, defining the scenarios to be simulated and collecting the data traces is not an easy task. It is an incremental process which requires constantly comparing the estimated metrics and the flow of simulated actions against real data. In this work, we present an experimental framework designed for the development of large scale simulations of two applications used upon the occurrence of a natural disaster strikes. The first one is a social application aimed to register volunteers and manage emergency campaigns and tasks. The second one is a benchmark application a data repository named MongoDB. The applications are deployed in a distributed platform which combines different technologies like a Proxy, a Containers Orchestrator, Containers and a NoSQL Database. We simulate both applications and the architecture platform. We validate our simulators using real traces collected during simulacrums of emergency situations.
Efecto del conflicto decisional sobre el control del asma en escolares de 10 a 14 años
(Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 2020) Ciudad A., Daniel; Bravo S., Gabriela; Contreras A., Linrayén; Huenul V., Yocelin
Introducción: La cantidad de pacientes asmáticos que asisten al sistema público de salud es cada vez mayor, no obstante, la tasa de adherencia al tratamiento es muy baja, siendo los adolescentes quienes presentan mayor porcentaje de abandono al tratamiento, inasistencia a sus controles y gran conflicto decisional (CD). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de consejerías sobre el CD en relación al tratamiento del asma y el nivel de control de su enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio pre-experimental que reclutó a 32 niños asmáticos entre 10 a 14 años de edad del policlínico respiratorio infantil del hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso. Solo 15 niños estuvieron dispuestos a participar en el estudio quienes completaron la totalidad de las sesiones de consejería. Para determinar el grado de CD de su patología, se aplicó la Escala de Conflicto Decisional de Ottawa; y para el nivel del control del asma, se usó la Escala Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Resultados: La edad media del grupo de niños fue de 12,06 ± 1,16 años. Finalizada la intervención, el nivel de control de asma se mantuvo y la media del CD disminuyó de 34,05 ± 4,59 a 18,02 ± 3,01 puntos (p < 0,05; t de Student para muestras pareadas). Un 73,3% de los pacientes disminuyó su nivel de conflicto decisional. Conclusión: Las consejerías de apoyo decisional demostraron tener efectos positivos en la población estudiada.
Challenging matter creation models in the phantom divide
(American Physical Society, 2020) Cardenas, Victor H.; Cruz, Miguel; Lepe, Samuel; Nojiri, Shin’ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.
We perform a study both statistical and theoretical for cosmological models of matter creation and their ability to describe effective phantom models of dark energy. Such models are beyond the ΛCDM model since the resulting cosmic expansion is not adiabatic. In fact, we show that this approach exhibits transient phantom/quintessence scenarios at present time and tends to the standard cosmological model at some stage of the cosmic evolution. We discuss some generalities of the thermodynamics properties for this type of cosmological model; we emphasize on the behavior of the temperature associated to dark matter, which keeps positive along cosmic evolution together with the entropy. The enrichment of this type of model by means of the incorporation of cosmological constant and dissipative effects in the fluid description to explore their cosmological consequences in the expansion of the Universe is considered. Finally, a generalization for the matter production rate as an inhomogeneous expression of the Hubble parameter and its derivatives is discussed; as in all the cases examined, such election leads to an effective phantom/quintessence behavior
Candidiasis of the tongue in cannabis users: a report of 2 cases
(Academy of General Dentistry, 2020) Ferrada, Luis Valentín; Cordero, Karina
Cannabis, a psychoactive drug widely used for medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes, can have detrimental effects on several body systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. The use of cannabis in cigarette form can produce a series of oral alterations, including periodontitis, caries, xerostomia, a decreased salivary pH, and an increase in the density of Candida albicans. However, the occurrence of oral candidal lesions related to cannabis use is little reported in the literature. This article reports 2 cases of oral candidiasis associated with cannabis use. The adult male patients, both of whom were systemically healthy, had white and red spots consistent with oral candidiasis on the dorsal surface of the tongue. One of the patients also had a red lesion on an area of the hard palate that was in contact with the affected area of the tongue. Neither patient was currently undergoing antibiotic or corticosteroid treatment, and both reported frequent smoking of cannabis. One patient was initially treated with an oral suspension of nystatin without clinical improvement. Miconazole gel therapy was then prescribed, and clinical improvement was observed after 2 weeks. The patient did not stop smoking cannabis, and a recurrence of oral candidiasis was observed 6 months posttreatment. Treatment with miconazole gel was repeated, resulting in resolution of the infection. The second patient declined treatment. The reported cases demonstrate that, although it is infrequently reported, oral candidiasis may occur in cannabis smokers.
Nicotinic Antagonist UFR2709 Inhibits Nicotine Reward and Decreases Anxiety in Zebrafish
(MDPI, 2020) Viscarra, Franco; González-Gutiérrez, Juan; Esparza, Erica; Figueroa, Carla; Paillali, Pablo; Hödar-Salazar, Martin; Céspedes, Camilo; Quiroz, Gabriel; Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón; Reyes-Parada, Miguel; Bermúdez, Isabel; Iturriaga-Vásquez, Patricio
Zebrafish is becoming a popular animal model in neuropharmacology and drug discovery, mainly due to its ease of handling and low costs involved in maintenance and experimental work. This animal displays a series of complex behaviours that makes it useful for assessing the effects of psychoactive drugs. Here, adult zebrafish were used for assessment of the anxiolytic and anti-addictive properties of UFR2709, a nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonist, using two behavioural paradigms to test for addiction, the novel tank diving test to assess anxiety and the conditioned place preference (CPP). Furthermore, the expression of nAChR subunits α4 and α7 was measured in the zebrafish brain. The results show that UFR2709 exhibits an anxiolytic effect on zebrafish and blocks the effect evoked by nicotine on CPP. Moreover, UFR2709 significantly decreased the expression of α4 nicotinic receptor subunit. This indicates that UFR2709 might be a useful drug for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XII. Broad-line Region Modeling of NGC 5548
(The American Astronomical Society, 2020) Arevalo, Patricia
We present geometric and dynamical modeling of the broad line region (BLR) for the multi-wavelength reverberation mapping campaign focused on NGC 5548 in 2014. The data set includes photometric and spectroscopic monitoring in the optical and ultraviolet, covering the Hβ, C IV, and Lyα broad emission lines.We find an extended disk-like Hβ BLR with a mixture of near-circular and outflowing gas trajectories, while the C IV and Lyα BLRs are much less extended and resemble shell-like structures. There is clear radial structure in the BLR, with C IV and Lyα emission arising at smaller radii than the Hβ emission. Using the three lines, we make three independent black hole mass measurements, all of which are consistent. Combining these results gives a joint inference of ( ) = - log M M 7.64+ 10 BH 0.18 0.21. We examine the effect of using the V band instead of the UV continuum light curve on the results and find a size difference that is consistent with the measured UV–optical time lag, but the other structural and kinematic parameters remain unchanged, suggesting that the V band is a suitable proxy for the ionizing continuum when exploring the BLR structure and kinematics. Finally, we compare the Hβ results to similar models of data obtained in 2008 when the active galactic nucleus was at a lower luminosity state. We find that the size of the emitting region increased during this time period, but the geometry and black hole mass remained unchanged, which confirms that the BLR kinematics suitably gauge the gravitational field of the central black hole.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Little to no evolution in the [CII]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr
(European Southern Observatory, 2020) Ibar, Eduardo; Mendez Hernandez, Hugo
The [C ii] 158 m line is one of the strongest IR emission lines, which has been shown to trace the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies in the nearby Universe, and up to z 2. Whether this is also the case at higher redshift and in the early Universe remains debated. The ALPINE survey, which targeted 118 star-forming galaxies at 4:4 < z < 5:9, provides a new opportunity to examine this question with the first statistical dataset. Using the ALPINE data and earlier measurements from the literature, we examine the relation between the [C ii] luminosity and the SFR over the entire redshift range from z 4 �� 8. ALPINE galaxies, which are both detected in [C ii] and in dust continuum, show good agreement with the local L([CII])–SFR relation. Galaxies undetected in the continuum by ALMA are found to be over-luminous in [C ii]when the UV SFR is used. After accounting for dust-obscured star formation, by an amount of SFR(IR) SFR(UV) on average, which results from two di erent stacking methods and SED fitting, the ALPINE galaxies show an L([CII])–SFR relation comparable to the local one. When [C ii] non-detections are taken into account, the slope may be marginally steeper at high-z, although this is still somewhat uncertain. When compared homogeneously, the z > 6 [C ii] measurements (detections and upper limits) do not behave very di erently to the z 4 �� 6 data.We find a weak dependence of L([CII])/SFR on the Ly equivalent width. Finally, we find that the ratio L([CII])/LIR (1 �� 3) 10��3 for the ALPINE sources, comparable to that of ‘normal’ galaxies at lower redshift. Our analysis, which includes the largest sample ( 150 galaxies) of [C ii] measurements at z > 4 available so far, suggests no or little evolution of the [C ii]–SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr of cosmic time.
TOI-481 b and TOI-892 b: Two Long-period Hot Jupiters from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
(American Astronomical Society (Aas), 2020) Brahm, Rafael; Nielsen, Louise D.; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Wang, Songhu; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Espinoza, Néstor; Jones, Matías I.; Jordán, Andrés; Henning, Thomas; Hobson, Melissa; Kossakowski, Diana; Rojas, Felipe; Sarkis, Paula; Schlecker, Martin; Trifonov, Trifon; Shahaf, Sahar; Ricker, George; Vanderspek, Roland; Latham, David W.; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Addison, Brett C.; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Bhatti, Waqas; Bayliss, Daniel; Berlind, Perry; Bieryla, Allyson; Bouchy, Francois; Bowler, Brendan P.; Briceño, César; Brown, Timothy M.; Bryant, Edward M.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Charbonneau, David; Collins, Karen A.; Davis, Allen B.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Guerrero, Natalia M.; Henze, Christopher E.; Hogan, Aleisha; Horner, Jonathan; Huang, Chelsea X.; Irwin, Jonathan; Kane, Stephen R.; Kielkopf, John; Mann. Andrew W.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Mccormac, James; Mccully, Curtis; Mengel, Matthew W.; Mireles, Ismael; Okumura, Jack; Plavchan, Peter; Quinn, Samuel N.; Rabus, Markus; Saesen, Sophie; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Segransan, Damien; Shiao, Bernie; Shporer, Avi; Siverd, Robert J.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Suc, Vincent; Tan, Thiam-Guan; Torres, Pascal; Tinney, Chris G.; Udry, Stephane; Vanzi, Leonardo; Vezie, Michael; Vines, Jose I.; Vuckovic, Maja; Wright, Duncan J.; Yahalomi, Daniel A.; Zapata, Abner; Zhang, Hui; Ziegler, Carl
We present the discovery of two new 10 day period giant planets from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, whose masses were precisely determined using a wide diversity of ground-based facilities. TOI-481 b and TOI-892 b have similar radii (0.99 ± 0.01 ${R}_{{\rm{J}}}$ and 1.07 ± 0.02 ${R}_{{\rm{J}}}$, respectively), and orbital periods (10.3311 days and 10.6266 days, respectively), but significantly different masses (1.53 ± 0.03 ${M}_{{\rm{J}}}$ versus 0.95 ± 0.07 ${M}_{{\rm{J}}}$, respectively). Both planets orbit metal-rich stars ($[\mathrm{Fe}/{\rm{H}}]$ = $+0.26\pm 0.05$ dex and $[\mathrm{Fe}/{\rm{H}}]$ = $+0.24\pm 0.05$ for TOI-481 and TOI-892, respectively) but at different evolutionary stages. TOI-481 is a ${M}_{\star }$ = 1.14 ± 0.02 ${M}_{\odot }$, ${R}_{\star }$ = 1.66 ± 0.02 ${R}_{\odot }$ G-type star (${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ = $5735\pm 72$ K), that with an age of 6.7 Gyr, is in the turn-off point of the main sequence. TOI-892 on the other hand, is a F-type dwarf star (${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ = $6261\pm 80$ K), which has a mass of ${M}_{\star }$ = 1.28 ± 0.03 ${M}_{\odot }$ and a radius of ${R}_{\star }$ = 1.39 ± 0.02 ${R}_{\odot }$. TOI-481 b and TOI-892 b join the scarcely populated region of transiting gas giants with orbital periods longer than 10 days, which is important to constrain theories of the formation and structure of hot Jupiters.

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