Libros y Capítulos

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http://dspace7uv.opengeek.cl/handle/uvscl/3855

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Examinando Libros y Capítulos por Autor "Cavieres, María Fernanda"

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    A Methodology for Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Monitoring of Particulate Matter Environmental Contamination in Santiago of Chile
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020) Cavieres, María Fernanda; Leiva, Víctor; Marchant, Carolina; Rojas, Fernando
    Atmospheric pollution derives mainly from anthropogenic activities that use combustion and may lead to adverse effects in exposed populations. It is generally accepted that air contamination causes cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity in addition to increased mortality after exposure, but other epidemiological associations have also been described, including cancer as well as reproductive and immunological toxicity. Thus the concentration of chemicals in the air must be controlled. We propose that monitoring of air quality may be achieved by employing data analytics to generate information within the context of data-driven decision making to prevent and/or adequately alert the population about possible critical episodes of air contamination. In this paper, we propose a methodology for monitoring particulate matter pollution in Santiago of Chile which is based on bivariate control charts with heavy-tailed asymmetric distributions. This methodology is useful for monitoring environmental risk when the particulate matter concentrations follow bivariate Birnbaum-Saunders or Birnbaum-Saunders-t-Student distributions. A case study with real particulate matter pollution from Santiago is provided, which shows that the methodology is suitable to alert early episodes of extreme air pollution. The results are in agreement with the critical episodes reported with the current model used by the Chilean health authority.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Sulfur or pollen? Chemical, biological, and toxicological basis for the Correct risk communication of urban yellow dust deposition
    (Springer Nature, 2020) Ojeda, Juan; Goddard, Marcela; Cavieres, María Fernanda; Baeza, Patricio
    Urban yellow dust deposition is a common phenomenon in many parts of the world, which is sometimes called “sulfur shower,” “sulfur rain,” or “pollen storm.” Most people, especially those living in the vicinity of industrial facilities, wrongly perceive the yellow dust as sulfur when in fact it is pollen. The misunderstanding increases risk perception as people believe the “yellow powder” is a serious threat to their health. Based on simple observations, it is virtually impossible to differentiate sulfur from pollen, so risk communication should consider the chemical, biological, and toxicological aspects of these agents. In this review, we clarify that industrial emissions of sulfur are under the form of sulfides, oxides, and other volatile compounds which are gaseous and noncolored, and we explain that it is chemically impossible for gaseous sulfur to become solid yellow sulfur under normal environmental conditions. We also describe pollen and its release from trees, shrubs, and herbs a process influenced by atmospheric conditions. We suggest take-home messages that risk communicators may use when explaining the phenomenon to their communities.